Brown Shrike

Lanius cristatus

Beak

—

Feet

—

Crest

No crest

Widespread winter visitor; unrecorded in Pakistan. Compared with Red-tailed Shrike typically has darker and more uniform rufous-brown upperparts, and warmer rufous flanks. Also thicker bill, more graduated tail and lacks white patch at base of primaries (apparent in male and some female Red-tailed). Female has paler lores and faint dark scaling on breast and flanks. Juvenile has dark scaling to upperparts and underparts (mantle uniform by first-winter). Lc. /ucionensis (winter visitor to Sri Lanka and Andamans/Nicobars), has grey cast to crown and nape, and rufous rump and tail. Territorial on winter grounds. Forest edges a ndscrub.